|
Charles IV (Clermont 18/19 June 1294 – Vincennes 1 February 1328), called the Fair (French: ''le Bel''), was King of Navarre (as Charles I) and the last "direct" Capetian King of France from 1322 to his death. Charles was the third son of Philip IV; like his father, he was known as "the fair" or "the handsome".〔Kibler, p.201.〕 Beginning in 1323 Charles was confronted with a peasant revolt in Flanders, and in 1324 he made an unsuccessful bid for the elective German monarchy. As duke of Guyenne, Edward II of England was a vassal of Charles, but he was reluctant to pay homage to another king. In retaliation, Charles conquered the Duchy of Guyenne in a conflict known as the War of Saint-Sardos (1324). In a peace agreement, Edward II accepted to swear allegiance to Charles and to pay a fine. In exchange, Guyenne was returned to Edward but with a much-reduced territory. When Charles IV died without male heir, the senior lineage of the House of Capet ended. He was succeeded by his cousin Philip of Valois, but the contested legitimacy was one factor of the Hundred Years' War. ==Personality and marriage== By virtue of the birthright of his mother, Joan I of Navarre, Charles claimed the title Charles I, King of Navarre. From 1314 to his accession to the throne, he held the title of Count of La Marche and was crowned King of France in 1322 at the cathedral in Reims. Unlike Philip IV and Philip V, Charles is reputed to have been a relatively conservative, "strait-laced" king〔Sumption, p.101.〕 – he was "inclined to forms and stiff-necked in defence of his prerogatives",〔Sumption, p.97.〕 while disinclined either to manipulate them to his own ends or achieve wider reform.〔 Charles married his first wife, Blanche of Burgundy, the daughter of Otto IV, Count of Burgundy, in 1308, but Blanche was caught up in the ''Tour de Nesle'' scandals of 1314 and imprisoned.〔Echols and Williams, p.87.〕 After Charles assumed the throne he refused to release Blanche, their marriage was annulled, and Blanche retreated to a nunnery.〔 His second wife, Marie of Luxembourg, the daughter of Henry VII, the Holy Roman Emperor, died following a premature birth.〔Echols and Williams, p.328.〕 Charles married again in 1325, this time to Jeanne d'Évreux: she was his first cousin, and the marriage required approval from Pope John XXII. Jeanne was crowned queen in 1326, in one of the better recorded French coronation ceremonies.〔Lord, p.47.〕 The ceremony represented a combination of a political statement, social event, and an "expensive fashion statement";〔Lord, p.48.〕 the cost of food, furs, velvets, and jewellery for the event was so expensive that negotiations over the cost were still ongoing in 1329.〔 The coronation was also the first appearance of the latterly famous medieval cook, Guillaume Tirel, then only a junior servant.〔 During the first half of his reign Charles relied heavily on his uncle, Charles of Valois, for advice and to undertake key military tasks.〔 Charles of Valois was a powerful magnate in his own right, a key advisor to Louis X,〔Kibler, p.210.〕 and he had made a bid for the regency in 1316, initially championing Louis X's daughter Joan, before finally switching sides and backing Philip V.〔Wagner, p.250.〕 Charles of Valois would have been aware that if Charles died without male heirs, he and his male heirs would have a good claim to the crown.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles IV of France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|